Osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease) is one of the most common orthopaedic diagnoses in dogs. It leads to gradual deterioration of joint function and often affects joints such as the carpus (wrist), paw and hock.

The disease progresses over time and often requires a combination of medical treatment, rehabilitation, weight management and external stabilization. Orthoses can provide important support throughout the course of the disease to reduce lameness, improve function and increase quality of life.

At Scandi Orthopedic, we often divide the need for support into Grades 1, 2 and 3 depending on how far the osteoarthritis has progressed and what stability is required.

Grade 1 – Early osteoarthritis and preventive support

In the early stages of osteoarthritis, symptoms are often mild and intermittent, such as stiffness after rest or slight lameness after activity.

Orthoses at this stage are mainly used for:

• preventive support for early osteoarthritis
• relief of carpus, paw and hock joints during loading
• support for a correct and symmetrical movement pattern

The aim is to slow the progression of degenerative joint disease and provide stability without unnecessarily limiting mobility.

Grade 2 – Moderate osteoarthritis and functional support

In the moderate stage, symptoms become more pronounced and recurrent, often with increased lameness, stiffness and reduced endurance during activity.

Grade 2 orthoses are used for:

• reducing pain and lameness when moving
• to provide functional support when loading the carpus, paw and hock
• improving stability in everyday activities (walking, getting up, climbing stairs)

This stage often requires a combination of rehabilitation, medical treatment and orthopedic support for best results.

Grade 3 – Severe osteoarthritis and high stabilization

In the severe stage, the joint is severely affected and the dog may have significant disability, pain and unstable gait.

Grade 3 orthoses are used for:

• maximum external stabilization
• relief of severely unstable carpus, paw and hock joints
• support for walking and standing loads
• improved quality of life in severe chronic cases.

Here, the orthosis often becomes a central part of the long-term rehabilitation and pain management plan.

Executive summary

Osteoarthritis is a progressive degenerative joint disease where the right support at the right time is crucial. Adjusting the level of orthosis according to the Grade of the disease (early, moderate or severe osteoarthritis) can help improve mobility, reduce pain and improve quality of life in dogs with chronic orthopaedic problems.